Shylock, the Hated Jew of The Merchant of Venice :: Merchant of Venice Essays

Shylock, the Hated Jew of The Merchant of Venice   â â Many of William Shakespeare's plays have started controversy.â Probably the one that has started the most discussion is The Merchant of Venice, which numerous learned people have named an enemy of Semitic play.â The character that this conversation revolves around is Shylock, the rich moneylender Jew.â The issue with the majority of these enemy of Semitic contentions is that they come up short on the point of view of the sixteenth century audience.â â Throughout Shakespeare's The Merchant of Venice (M of V), the crowd's view of Shylock moves between absolute disdain what's more, fluctuating measures of pity.â rather than the present crowd, the first sixteenth century crowd considered Shylock's to be as his greatest deficiency.   â â â â Our first look at Shylock's character comes in Act I, scene 3, where Shylock uncovers to the crowd why he loathes Antonio.â The principal reason he gives of why he abhors Antonio is on the grounds that he is a Christian.â (I. iii. 43)â This to the sixteenth century crowd would be nonsensical, and this would inspire a kind of villainy towards Shylock.â But a couple of seconds after the fact, the crowd observers Shylock's discourse about Antonio's maltreatment towards Shylock.â (I. iii. 107-130) This discourse does well in conjuring the crowd's pity, anyway little it may be in the sixteenth century.â But again toward the end, Shylock offers that Antonio surrender a pound of tissue as punishment of relinquishment of the bond, which Antonio sees as a joke, yet which Shylock completely means to collect.â (I. iii. 144-78) This activity nullifies any pity which Shylock would have one from the crowd just a couple of seconds before.â Shakespeare, in this scene, utilizes Shylock's discourse and speeches to push loyalties of the crowd to and fro in a consequence of a negative perspective on Shylock.   â â â â In Act II, scene 8, Salarino and Salanio portray to the crowd Shylock's response when he discovers that his girl, Jessica, has fled to wed a Christian.â Says Salanio:   â â â â â â â â â â I never heard an energy so confounded,  â â â â â â â â â â  So abnormal, over the top, thus factor,  â â â â â â â â â â  As the canine Jew uttered in the boulevards:  â â â â â â â â â â  'My daughter!â O my ducats!â O my little girl!  â â â â â â â â â â  Fled with a Christian!â O my Christian ducats!

is there too much reality tv? :: essays research papers

Is there a lot of unscripted television? Then again shows like elder sibling just happen for a specific piece of the year, anyway when older sibling is on it is on for quite a while in this manner it expends a great deal of TV broadcast appointment. Indeed, even so a great deal of the British open appreciate older sibling and content in there votes each week. It may likewise be contended that individuals just watch unscripted television in light of the fact that there is nothing else on TV at these occasions.       On elder sibling liquor is the most attractive tanked refreshment nobody drinks water when there’s a jug of wine to be had this impact youthful grown-ups with access to liquor Each year, understudies burn through  £3 billion on liquor that’s significantly more than they spend on sodas, tea, milk, juice, and espresso. How ever liquor truly TV gives some youthful grown-ups that on the off chance that they get alcoholic awful things can occur and individuals can’t control them selves in this manner it might put off some youthful grown-ups from unnecessary drinking in spite of the fact that young people might need to resemble the new famous people on the TV by drinking and duplicating there conduct. Brutality is a major issue and not just in actuality TV numerous kids see an enormous amount of individuals being killed on TV, on the opposite homicides just happen on unscripted television which is fiction for example Entertainments of past circumstances such as the wars. It may likewise be contended that brutality on unscripted television is just appeared after the watershed which implies that guardians are answerable for their children if their kids watch these rough shows. Thusly most guardians griping about viciousness on unscripted television are the reasons for kids viewing the brutality and perhaps replicating what they see, and shouldn’t let their youngsters watch the shows after nine o’clock. TV is making England fat. Harvard University analysts found that the chances of a kid turning out to be stout have ascended from 12 to 20% for every day by day hour of TV he/she watches. Then again unscripted television is just a little reason for this then again the bites individuals expend while watching unscripted television are overwhelmingly high in fat, cholesterol, salt, and sugar, and low in nutrients and minerals. The U.S. Top health spokesperson has uncovered "that 70% of food promotions are for nourishments high in fat, cholesterol, sugar, and salt, while just 3% are for products of the soil.

Tips for Writing Physics Lab Report

Tips for Writing Physics Lab Report How to Write a Good Physics Lab Report Struggling to complete your physics lab report for matriculation? Writing lab reports is a common task for the physics laboratory classes, it is the part of your lab experience where you should learn how to organize and present your laboratory work in a scientific way using a proper physics lab report format which usually has the following components: Title Page â€" includes the title of the lab, the student’s name, the date, the instructor’s name Abstract â€" summarizes in a paragraph the objective of the experiment, the key results and the significance as well as major conclusions. Introduction â€" describes the key concepts and presents the objectives and the purpose of the lab defines the research problem and explains its significance. Materials, Methods, and Procedure â€" describes the experimental procedures and provides enough details so that someone else could repeat your experiment. This section should include the list of materials you used and the equipment. Results/Data â€" summarizes your observations, data, calculations, and results. All your data should be presented in an organized manner, for example, data tables, physic lab graphs, and charts. You should always include into your result section an estimate of the uncertainty of your calculations and the experiment. Discussion â€" you should state the key findings and back those findings with the data from the lab. You should analyze your data and give your interpretation of the results. Conclusions â€" summarizes what you have learned from this lab and describes potential sources of error and opportunities for further work. Any lab report in physics should have the essential following features: It should be concise but with all the necessary details and well-written explanations. It should be organized so that your reader can easily find any information. It should include all the appropriate information and reasoning. Some general quick tips for writing physics lab report: If you want to get a high grade for your physics lab report, you should show that you understood the experiment and did it carefully. You don’t have to follow your lab manual blindly. If your results are ridiculous or too big/small, you need to demonstrate that you have noticed that fact and thought about it and not just wrote down some figures from your calculator in your notebook and moved on. To demonstrate that you understand the experiment and how to perform it, you should give a clear presentation of your results. Make sure that everything you write in your report and your actions are consistent. For example, you suggested a great way to reduce uncertainty but did nothing about it, your instructor will wonder why. If you express some ideas, it would be better to back them up by some tests and not just speculations. Do your best to understand what the uncertainty means at the beginning of the semester because you cannot succeed in writing lab reports without that. If your experiment has multiple parts, it would be better to write all the sections for one part together and then describe each of the other parts separately. It will be easier for your instructor to follow what you did. Clarity of your lab report is very important so do not fill it with too many scientific terms and complicated sentences. Always check your spelling and grammar. Physics Measurements and Experimental Techniques in Lab Report When conducting laboratory experiments, you have to take measurements of different physical quantities. But you should keep in mind that there is no perfectly accurate measurement of any physical quantity and there is always a discrepancy between the measured value and the true value of the quantity. When stating the result of a measurement, you must always indicate how much error this measurement might contain. So if you want to get an experimental result with a correct estimate of the degree of uncertainty of the measurement, you need to understand what types of errors may occur, how you can reduce the errors, how you should treat the data properly. Without that, you cannot write a good conclusion to physics lab, which is the most important part of your lab report. You should also understand how uncertainty can affect your measurements so that you could discuss your data and results in depth in your discussion/conclusion section because your lab report that describes the results without analyzing the measurements is not worth much. Remember that your grade will be based on how you analyze and interpret your data. Do you think this is too complicated and are not sure that you can cope with this assignment on your own? Then you might need to order a custom physics online lab report on our professional paper writing service. Our experienced writers can provide you with a well-written model lab report that can serve you as a perfect template you can use to improve your academic writing skills.

Analyzing the Success of Quentin Tarantinos Films

Quentin Tarantinos films have helped to redefine cinema. His postmodern approach, creative writing, and extensive knowledge of films and music have helped Tarantino to develop a unique style that has allowed him to stand out among his peers. In Pulp Fiction (1994), Tarantino establishes several directorial trademarks that would come to be used in his later works and can clearly be seen throughout the film. Furthermore, Tarantinos use of mise-en-scene helps to strengthen and establish mood and setting. Tarantino not only directed Pulp Fiction (1994), but he also co-wrote the screenplay and played a role within the film. During the course of a films production, a director is charged with guiding the actors in performance, determines the staging of the action, supervises all aspects of shooting, and works with the producer, writer, and designer before production and with the film and sound editors after production to ensure consistency and excellence of the movie as well as the best pos sible use of personnel, materials, and resources provided by the producer (Mast Kawin, 2003, p. 681). Tarantinos hands on approach in making his films ensure that he is involved in many, if not all, aspects of the production of his films. There are also many others that contribute to the creation and production of a film including an art director and production designer. An art director can be defined as a person who designs a movies sets and dÃÆ'Â ©cor (Mast Kawin, 2003, p. 678).

Projects and Project Management Essay Online For Free - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2490 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? Projectification of the organisational world has resulted in apparent agreement that projects and project management are an efficient means of implementing organisational strategy. By way of a literature critique, discuss this statement exploring the content, limitation and inherent problems of the strategic alignment of projects. Introduction Organisations in contemporary times face an increasingly volatile and fast changing business environment. Customer choices are becoming ever more fickle, and by extension, difficult to address. This scenario has led to a focus on customisation that challenges the traditional focus on standardised offerings (Lampel, 2001; Beaume et al., 2009). The often referred to silo form of organisational functions and work processes has been replaced by a network or matrix form to gear organisations towards such customisation. This has had serious implications for how organisations leverage and develop their resources and capabilities (Gareis and Hueman, 2000; Beaume and Midler, 2010). Such an orientation can permit organisations to deliver better value. However, there are diverse combinations of variables that shape product and service choices to orient what organisations offer to their customers (Cooke-Davies and Arzymanow2003). Projectification, or working through projects allows cl ustering relevant attributes that a particular client may require, as distinct from another clients requirements. Such projectification has also come to be known as a competence of organisations to deliver their strategy through the vehicle of projects (Lampel, 2001:273; Frederickson and Davies, 2008: 295). This paper examines projectification of organisations using assertions from extant literature (Gareis, 1992). In doing so it elucidates issues in, and nature of, strategic alignment of projects in organisations. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Projects and Project Management Essay Online For Free" essay for you Create order Projects and the organisation Projects are micro-organisms embedded within the going concern that is understood as an organisation. They are unique by virtue of the resources and capabilities they deploy and by way of their requirements, processes and deliverables (Shenhar et al., 2002). From a management of projects perspective there are several variables that relate to the approach of top management towards doing projects (Morris, 1987). Essentially these are about the nature of project portfolio, the way projects are resourced, the relative influence projects exercise on functional areas, and strategic choices that organisations make (Raz et al., 2002). Such choices could relate to technologies, operating practices, personnel, or even organisational growth strategies (Cooke-Davies and Arzymanow, 2003). The idea of best practices in project management can be used as an illustration to show the influence of top management sensemaking of the control and support requirements that projects have (Lampel, 2001: 278; Gareis and Hueman, 2000: 716). When the organisation tends to prescribe best practices for its portfolio, or for certain types of projects in its portfolio, it seeks to provide some standardisation based on performance reflections from past, and also address the need augment future project performance. On the other hand, when an organisation is flexible and is looking at good practices instead, it is being more liberal about how projects emerge in terms of how they choose to adapt guidelines in the way they see fit to achieve project objectives (Leroy, 2002). Both sides have their pros and cons. In case of the former- overt control will affect the unique nature of projects that work towards customised solutions, and in the case of the latter, too much flexibility can cause chaos that may put organisational identity itself at risk (Spender and Grant, 1996; DAdderio, 2001; Chatterjee and Wernerfelt, 1991). We develop this idea further in this paper as we discuss proje ctification, extent of project orientation, and the consequent issues and challenges organisations encounter. The nature of strategic configuration by projects Strategic configuration of an organisation is but a set of strategic choices it makes to achieve its goals, or alternatively, increase congruence with business environment (Beaume et al., 2009). The mushrooming of extant research that sees organisations as less predictable, and unbounded entities has led to development of thought on what is known as the contingency approach (Cohen and Levinthal, 1990; Connor and Prahalad, 1996). Such an approach speaks of dynamism in the strategic configuration, but under an overall direction delivered by the higher order strategic choice organisations have been forced to make à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" in this case that of projectification. The challenges of such dynamism include the ability to understand and deliver the scope of change, the ability to synthesise experiential knowledge, constructively align power structures, and also, examine organisational identity issues that come with a project-based approach (Lampel, 2001; Lampel and Jha, 2004). In recent times, it is the idea of a project-based organisation that remains central to such emergence in strategic orientation. A project-based entity is understood as one where functions, architecture, role descriptions and resource allocation aspects are heavily geared towards the needs to delivering projects (Turner and Peyami, 1996). The extent of project orientation Not all organisations emphasise doing projects with the same scope and centrality. This is because of the process difficulties and resource commitments required for doing so from a management of projects perspective (Morris, 1987). Top management orientation owing to still other factors, and also the nature of business an organisation is in matters greatly. This relative context has delivered the idea of extent of project orientation (Lampel and Jha, 2004). The key variables defining such orientation are project autonomy, scoping and programming of projects (Lampel and Jha, 2004:361, Wheelright and Clark, 1992). In essence project orientation is about the extent to which organisations are oriented towards supporting versus controlling the projects they do. For instance, an organisation can choose to support projects extensively and gear its functional areas towards projects, but on the same hand, also exercise a lot of control on project level strategy and operations. In c ontrast, the organisation can allow a high degree of flexibility in how projects strategies and work towards customised deliverables (Lewis et al., 2002). The latter clearly calls for greater autonomy, and is often a challenge for management of leadership and power structures in organisations (Lampel and Jha, 2004). What objectives and tasks projects are trusted with matters as well, and this is not always visible by their resource loadings alone (Chatterjee and Wernerfelt, 1991). For example, setting up a new manufacturing unit maybe very resource intensive, and it may be aligned to organisational aspirations of growth. However, another project leveraged to communicate and embed new technologies may be less resource intensive, but more important in terms of affecting the core of organisational capabilities (Grant, 1996). Popular literature has shown that organisations can be classified based on the extent of their projectification or importance they give to projects in informing the delivery of their strategy (Wheelright and Clark, 1992). Higher the projectification or project orientation, higher is the value generated, albeit only if the interface between projects and organisations is managed well (Turner and Peyami, 1996). The projectivity model by Gareis (1992) below provides a pictorial representation of this interface. The figure clearly indicates a need for synergy between project and organisational goals. It also puts across several issues in management of this interface. These are about how and to what extent project systems, operations, and organisational support and control mechanisms, are configured towards deriving value from projectification. Figure 1: (Gareis, 1992) This brings us to discussing a perspective on typology of organisations with respect to the extent of projectification or project orientation (Lampel and Jha, 2004). A truly project based organisation is one where all organisational functions service projects, and by extension, project leadership profile and autonomy related variables score very high. There is a lesser degree of project orientation in cases where- though projects are supported extensively and comprise a majority of the organisational turnover, but they are also geared to deliver internal change and operational uplift initiatives (Shenhar et al., 2001; Shenhar et al., 2002). In this sense, they also support needs of functional areas. The design, resourcing and reporting configuration is thus of a lower order and partly under the control of functional areas that are in effect internal clients. Both these types are in contrast with core operations led organisations where projects are unequivocally (and if delivered at all) only support mechanisms to inform functional and operational silos that deliver generic products and services. Arguably there is reducing number of organisations in this bracket (Lampel and Jha, 2004; Raz, et al., 2002) As mentioned, this variatio n is often due to aspects such as nature of business and also organisational culture (Lapre and Van Wassenhove., 2001). Thus, these need to be contextualised when speaking of performance improvements from projectification. Several aspects to do with practices, routines, and technologies need to be considered. A crucial one for instance, is knowledge that is embedded in individuals that work on projects, but the context of the knowledge is lost with the end of the project. This is unless the individual moves to a very similar project and/or the knowledge is harnessed to inform project management systems in general. Strategising for management of projects is thus crucial for informing effective project management. (Wenger, 1998; Connor and Prahalad, 1996) Issues and concerns for strategy in projectification As aforementioned, it is the shift towards networked and matrix forms has delivered research in the context of project orientation and project-based organisations (DAdderio, 2001; Morris and Hough, 1987). In order to derive value from such an orientation it is crucial to be able to synthesise and operationalise the experience and knowledge from working on projects, and understand project performance for informing future projects. Since projects are unique entities such an objective is difficult to achieve and presents a crucial challenge for the management of projects (Morris, 1987). This can be for instance, in the form of requiring novel en-cultured knowledge management and learning systems like communities of practice, moving the right kind of people around, and spotting emerging project level competencies (Wenger, 1998; Grant, 1996). The role of project leadership becomes crucial, and also, by the same token, shapes a new power and control sharing strand in the organisati on (Leroy, 2002). Motivational aspects to do with sharing knowledge with peers in highly competitive times, and also cultural issues that call for more collaboration despite such competition -are some of the challenges to reckon with (Drew and Coulson-T, 1996; Grant, 1996; Beaume and Midler, 2010). Conclusions There is a dominant argument to favour the assertion that there is a very visible difference between project management and management of projects (Morris,1987). While the first aspect is about tools and techniques, and to some extent the practices and processes that are used in execution of projects, the second one is about how organisations do projects and choose to relate to them, in terms of support and control mechanisms that they deploy. The latter is what dominates extant research on projectification. The issues it brings out as in this review paper, relate to a host of challenges organisations face. This is when they seek to become projectified, or aspire to derive value from projectification. The first and foremost is the extent of monitoring of projects by way of control through standardised procedures; the second is the harnessing of knowledge and expertise that emerges doing projects, and the third is about autonomy given to projects that determines their resourci ng patterns and power quotients within organisations that host them (Shenhar et al., 2002; Cookie and Arzymanow, 2003). The project environment and the corporate environment can be in synergetic tension or in a disruptive interface. This is likely to be determined by the extent to which organisations are able to manage disruptive challenges brought by projectification, and are able to be balanced in creating and modifying cellular resource and capability pools within projects (Connor and Prahalad, 1996: 481). These pools also need to be integrated with the organisation, and provide feedback and experiential knowledge to the organisation. The choice about the extent of projectification is also a function of organisational confidence and past experiences with projectification. That it yields value is irrefutable, but the risks of not doing projectification properly, or overdoing it given organisational experience, readiness and nature of business are also very real (Cooke-Dav ies and Arzymanow 2003). References Beaume, R., Maniak, R. Midler, C. (2009) Crossing innovation and product projects management: A comparative analysis in automotive industry. International Journal of Project Management (27):.166-174. Beaume, R. Midler, C. (2010) Project-based learning patterns for dominant design renewal: The case of Electric Vehicle. International Journal of Project Management, 28(2):142-150. Chatterjee S. Wernerfelt B. (1991). The link between resources and type of diversification theory and evidence. Strategic Management Journal, 12 (1): 33-48. Cohen W. M. Levinthal D. A. (1990). Absorptive capacity: a new perspective on learning and innovation. Administrative Science Quarterly. 35(1): 128-153. Connor, K. R. Prahalad, C. K. (1996). A resource-based theory of the firm: Knowledge versus opportunism. Organisation Science, 7: 477-501. Cooke-Davies T. Arzymanow A (2003). The maturity of project management in different industries: An investigation into variations between project management models. International Journal of Project Management 21 (6):471à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"8. DAdderio, L. (2001). Crafting the virtual prototype: How firms integrate knowledge and capabilities across organisational boundaries. Research Policy. 30 (9): 1409-1424. Drew S. Coulson-Thomas C. (1996). Transformation through teamwork: the path to the new organisation? Management Decision. 34 (1): 7-17. Frederickson, L. Davies, A., (2008) Vanguards and ventures: Projects as vehicles for corporate entrepreneurship. International Journal of Project Management: 26(5):.487-496. Gareis, R. (1992) Management of network of projects, AACE transactions. Accessed 30.10. 2010, from www.wu- wien.ac.at/pmg/pos/docs/ pub_portfolio_management.pdf Gareis, R. Hueman, M. (2000) Project Management Competencies in the Project-oriented Organisation, The Gower Handbook of Project Management, JR Turner and SJ Simister (ed.), Gower, Aldershot, 709-721 Grant, R.M. (1996). Prosper ing in dynamically-competitive environments: Organisational capability as knowledge integration. Organisation Science. 7(4): 375-387. Lampel, J. (2001). The Core Competencies of effective project execution: The challenge of diversity. International Journal of Project Management, 19 (8): 471-483. Lampel, J. Jha, P.P. (2004) Models of Project Orientation in multi-project organisations, in J.K. Pinto, and P.W.G Morris (Eds.), The Wiley Project Management Resource Book, New York: Wiley: 358-371. Lapre, M.A. Van Wassenhove, L.N. (2001). Creating and transferring knowledge for productivity improvement in factories. Management Science, 47 (10): 1311-1325. Leroy, D. (2002) Knowledge Management and Projects Capitalization: A systemic Approach. Proceedings of PMI Research Conference, 2002. Lewis, M.W., Welsh, M.A., Dehler, G.E. Green, S.G. (2002) Product Development Tensions: Exploring Contrasting Styles of Project Management, Academy of Management Journal, 45 (3): 546- 564. Morris, P.W.G. Hough, H.H. (1987) The Anatomy of Major Projects, A study of the Reality of project Management. John Wiley Sons, 238- 246 Raz, T., Shenhar, A.J. Dvir, D. (2002) Risk Management, project success, and technological uncertainty, RD Management 32 (2): 13-26. Shenhar, A.J., Dvir, D. Lechler, T. Poli, M. (2002) One size does not fit All à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"True for Projects, True For Frameworks, PMI Research Conference Shenhar, A.J, Dvir, D., Levy, O. Maltz, A.C. (2001) Project Success: A Multidimensional Strategic Concept, Long Range Planning, 34: 699-725. Spender, J.C. Grant, R.M. (1996), Knowledge and the firm: Overview, Strategic Management Journal, 17: 5-9. Turner, R. Peyami, R. (1996) Organising for Change a Versatile Approach, The Project Manager as a change Agent. Composed and Edited by JR Turner, KV Grude and L Thurloway, McGraw-Hill, 72-74. Wenger, E. (1998) Communities of Practice: Learning, Meaning and Identity. Cambridge: Cambrid ge University Press, 11-121. Wheelwright, S.C. Clark, K.B. (1992) Revolutionizing Product Development, Quantum Leaps in Speed Efficiency, and Quality. The Free Press, A Division of Macmillan, Inc. New York, 175-196.

River Out of Eden Free Essays

Division among species Human beings often questions about the world such as how the world was created, and have doubts about religions even thought they believe in one. The theory of Darwinism, creates a new idea of how human beings were created, and how they came to the stage they are in right now. In the Richard Dawkins book, River out of Eden, introduces a idea of Digital River, where species creates many branches of many kind. We will write a custom essay sample on River Out of Eden or any similar topic only for you Order Now In this book, Dawkins explains the digital river by using the illustration of speciation, explanation for the â€Å"long good bye†, and speciation rom the reptiles. To begin with, the digital river, term that humans created for the explanation of the speciation, describes the whole cycle of process that occur among the living creatures over time. In order for creatures in this world to survive, they need to adapt to the environment they are in. Dawkins states that â€Å"to be good at surviving, a gene must be good at working together with the other genes in the same species-the same river. To survive in the long run, a gene must be a good companion. †(5) Thus saying that among their own kinds, any certain kind of species has to be in good shape and needs the competitive attitude towards their kind. For example, when lions hunt zebras, they need strong leg muscles and swift movement in order to get the prey in one shot. Usually, in order to achieve this status, lions ne ed to acquire good genes from their ancestors. If they do not have the skills to hunt, they will not be able to survive, resulting only the fastest and quickest lions to survive in the cycle. Dawkins also states the idea of the â€Å"long goodbye†, relates to the digital river. The â€Å"long ood bye† is a status when animals of similar kinds cannot have sexual intercourse anymore. The book states â€Å"nobody doubts that the most important ingredient is accidental geographical separation. For example, when lions and tiger mates, they still have a baby, people call in the liger. But ligers cannot mate within themselves because their genes are different in a great way. Tigers and lions may had a same ancestor, but by the geographical factors, divided in two ways. They have many similarities and style of living, but still they cannot create a new branch in the igital river. Lastly, Dawkins talks about the speciation of the reptiles. The book states â€Å"When the ances tors of all the modern mammals broke away from those that are not mammals, the event was no more momentous than any other speciation. †(9) like this, even though many people bring upon the idea of the Darwinism that reptiles turning into other mammals by the theory of evolution, this is no other different than the process of speciation such as geological part away, or natural selection. In Dawkins book, Digital River presents lot of information and thought about how pecies evolve in about to certain stage, and how they come upon to that certain degree. It is not a true fact, or a certain thing whether the evolutionary statement of Dawkins proves that species exists in certain stages, but because of the entry of the Darwinist thoughts, human beings think about the life one more time before they simplify the life, and also come up with psychological factors that deals with life. Works Cited Dawkins, Richard. â€Å"River out of Eden. † The Digital River. New York: Basic bo oks, 1995: 1-29 How to cite River Out of Eden, Essay examples

Act vs. Rule Utilitarianism free essay sample

There are obvious problems with both Act and Rule Utilitarianism. Both theories share the common goal of achieving the greatest happiness for the greatest amount of people. However, it is impossible to measure or compare happiness, as one persons happiness may not necessarily be anothers. And how do we measure intangible gain, such as happiness against material gain, such as money? The root principle is a good concept, but its the means to which we arrive at the end that cause the problems. In my opinion, there is a greater problem with Act Utilitarianism ersus Rule, because it Justifies not only ethical but also unethical actions in order to achieve the desired results. It allows for the abuse of peoples rights, demoralizes and devalues the welfare of individuals if it brings enough happiness to the group. The group is nothing more than many individuals coming together to form a whole, and this group would eventually become Just a group of demoralized and devalued people who would resort to any means necessary to get what they want because this s what they would be taught to do under the Act theory. We will write a custom essay sample on Act vs. Rule Utilitarianism or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This group would raise their children with these same principles, or lack of them, and the cycle would continue, producing a society that was almost egocentric in nature. At least with the Rule theory, the road to good intentions is paved with good intentions. That is, it attempts to use ethical principles as a means to an ethical solution. Nonetheless, it is still completely impractical, because it is impossible to make everyone follow the same rules every time because humans are too easily wayed by their own way of thinking or the way of another, and conversely, too stubborn to change their beliefs if they dont want to change them. They simply cannot be made to all conform to the same belief, practice, or rule on a consistent basis. In addition, there are too many conflicting rules and too many exceptions to rules to make application of the Rule theory practical within society. An example of Act Utility would be if a student were to cheat on a test because it would benefit himself, his teacher and parents would be pleased that he scored well nd he would be rewarded with a good grade. There would be a positive consequence to cheating on the test, therefore cheating is the ethically correct decision. An example of Rule Utility would be if I promised to meet a friend for lunch. While on the way there, I encountered an injured woman who needed immediate medical attention. The rule says promises are not to be broken, so I do not stop to help the woman so that I can keep my promise to my friend. Therefore, keeping my promise and not helping the woman is the ethically correct decision.

Theology Essay Thesis Example For Students

Theology Essay Thesis Peter San AngeloMarch 25, 2002Quiz # 2 Essay # 1How does Christ demonstrate he would remain sacramentally present to the community in the ritual of the Last Supper? At the Last Supper, which is also known as the sacred meal Jesus spoke to his disciples with the outmost amount of trust. He let them know through his words that he would be a part or one with them through anything. He actually said to them he would remain in their human lives no matter what. This meant that Jesus would be with them whether he was alive or dead. These disciples were his twelve closest friends. Sacred meals, expressive of the human relationship to the devine, form a part of the ritual practice of many religions they share a sacred meal with God as a sign of their acceptance by him through the sacrificial act (Paul Bradshaw. Early Christian Worship, A basic introduction to ideas and practice, The Liturgical Press, 1996, p.38). This quote shows the significance of the Last Supper. It was at this time that Je sus made a impact on these disciples for eternity. The disciples truly learned at this final meal that the Lord Jesus was and forever will be the chosen one. We will write a custom essay on Theology Thesis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now While they were eating, Jesus took a loaf of bread, and after blessing it he broke it, gave it to the disciples, and said, Take, eat; this is my body. Then he took a cup, and after giving thanks he gave it to them, saying Drink from it, all of you; for this is my blood of the covenant, which is poured out for many for the forgiveness of sins. I tell you, I will never again drink of this fruit of the vine until that day when I drink it new with you in my Fathers Kingdom. (The New Oxford Annotated Bible, New Revised Standard Version with the Apocrypha, New York, 1973, Matthew 26:26-28). By saying these words, and making the actions that Jesus made, we see that the disciples will forever recall the life and death of Jesus, as well as all of Jesus achievements. Passover relates to the Last Supper through what can be called a Passover celebration. When celebrating Passover we remember Christs passing over the Israelites houses. When celebrating it is the berakoth, or the head of the household that actually leads the ritual. There is actually steps that occur while celebrating the Passover. Bread is handeled, then a small blessing is said before the bread is broken. The ieces of the bread are then passed out to the people at the table, and then wine is poured. After this, a long blessing occurs, and then the wine is drank. Most commonly food is then given out to be eaten just like the food Jesus gave to his Disciples at the actual time of the Last Supper. The Passover like mentioned above is created to remember Gods greatest actions. There are meals that are commonly done at other times than just Passover. These meals are called anamnesis. At these meals, an epiclesis is said. This means that prayers spoken at the ceremony with the break of the bread and distribution of the wine, are said for God to continue his saving and forgiveness forever. There are also other times that we can give a great offering to the Lord, and its not necessarily delivered through a meal. At every Mass a Christian goes to, a Priest will say the words of the Jesus. This part of Mass is the Eucharist. Through Eucharist the followers of Jesus are one with Christ. The Eucharist Ritual at Mass is where the anaphora, or great offering actually comes into play. This is where Christians devote some sort of offering to the Lord. It doesnt matter if its your heart , soul, anything, as long as its an offering that allows Christ to share his love with us. .u9d6472dd41567bbc41b6d2272cca193e , .u9d6472dd41567bbc41b6d2272cca193e .postImageUrl , .u9d6472dd41567bbc41b6d2272cca193e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u9d6472dd41567bbc41b6d2272cca193e , .u9d6472dd41567bbc41b6d2272cca193e:hover , .u9d6472dd41567bbc41b6d2272cca193e:visited , .u9d6472dd41567bbc41b6d2272cca193e:active { border:0!important; } .u9d6472dd41567bbc41b6d2272cca193e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u9d6472dd41567bbc41b6d2272cca193e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u9d6472dd41567bbc41b6d2272cca193e:active , .u9d6472dd41567bbc41b6d2272cca193e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u9d6472dd41567bbc41b6d2272cca193e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u9d6472dd41567bbc41b6d2272cca193e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u9d6472dd41567bbc41b6d2272cca193e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u9d6472dd41567bbc41b6d2272cca193e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u9d6472dd41567bbc41b6d2272cca193e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u9d6472dd41567bbc41b6d2272cca193e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u9d6472dd41567bbc41b6d2272cca193e .u9d6472dd41567bbc41b6d2272cca193e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u9d6472dd41567bbc41b6d2272cca193e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Civil Disobedience EssayAll of these different ways to show appreciation to Jesus Sacramentally, that he is in our life are accepted by the Lord. However, Jesus also shows too us that he appreciates us by Jesus actions at that Last Supper.

Harvard Business School Application for MBA †Example Essay

Harvard Business School Application for MBA – Example Essay Free Online Research Papers Harvard Business School Application for MBA Example Essay Essay 1.Please describe three different leadership experiences that have been significant for your. (600 words) The best leadership that I want to point out as a primary one is the leadership without any price and the leadership of pure service. In fact, I personally exercised this sort of leadership in the small island to the northern part of Korean peninsula, xxx. The island, where I was supposed to serve as of May 19xx according to the regulation of Korean government as an alternative to a military service, was a traditional society stuck in the traditional sense of value and ruled by the senior citizen apart from the modernized urban life. As far as I am concerned, it was a backwater duty for the first time in my life. My original mission in this island in the first place was to cure light diseases or injuries and prevent epidemics in the region. I came to be, however, one of leaders in the community regardless of my intention over time. As a matter of fact, it was a relatively small community where the number of college graduates was nothing but ten personnel and small office was supposed to take care of almost all the affairs happening in the community. Just because I graduated from the xxx, made a good reason for being classified into a celebrity or considered as some kind of genius. Apart from the medical treatment, I played a vital role of a consultant with regard to a variety of personal problems as well as the community matters in the island. In effect, I was cordially invited to every single event happening in the community such as Korean traditional Thanksgiving Day and collective conference in the village. After 6 months of residence in the island, I came to be one of the best consultants who are supposed to give advice or make comments on a wide range of matters that inhabitants in the island might have. What was the primary reason the residents in the island put me up to the position of a leader accepting most of advice from me almost one hundred percent? To the best of my belief and knowledge, I guess I took a part of a volunteer providing service, not seeking any price for the service at all. In other words, my position and my behavior that required disinterestedness and neutral attitude towards the residents in the island basically enabled me to become a leader of them. As a result, I was able to learn a significant lesson that The real leader should be generous about the members of the team and The leader should be impartial. from the experience in the island for about a year. The second lesson that I learned from my own experience in terms of leadership was The leader should be humanitarian enough to embrace the subordinates. In particular, I have realized that it is critically necessary for the leader to control the older person who is under his or her supervision. When I work as a medical director in the xxx Korea for x years, I worked with eight fellow workers under my control as a team. Among them, there were three personnel older than I in the light of age including a research fellow even older than me by 15 years. In fact, they were highly qualified experts in their field. No wonder each and every one of them obtained at least masters degree in the field of medicine or basic science with a high self-esteem although they were relatively late for the promotion compared to my case. After I was appointed as a medical director, I absorbed myself in the studies on their inclination in the first place. As a result, I was able to come to the concrete conclu sion that I need to employ a humane interaction and conversation with them rather than a unilateral command. According to the conclusion, the first policy that I exercised was to hold a regular meeting in the restaurant near the company every Friday night. In the meeting for two or three hours along with dinner, we were able to have a conversation over everything including our privacy, let alone the topic related to the company. In particular, the senior staffs were somewhat skeptical about the outcome of this meeting in the beginning. My recommendation and serious attitude towards the meeting, however, increased the number of members in the meeting on a gradual basis. The existence of the regular meeting served as the main source of maintaining good atmosphere of our team, eliminating every possible conflict within members and compromising our interests in the team. With reference to the complaints and the policy of the company, I made vigorous efforts to the implementation of agreements made in the meeting. Accordingly, the team members were generally favorable to my endeavor and enforcem ent in most cases. On the other hand, the president of xxx Korea from overseas did not seem to understand my attitude from time to time. For example, I took myself to the rural area through 10 hours of driving in order to visit the funeral of the father of one of my colleagues and got back to the work even at dawn. As such, I was able to lead the team without any big trouble through the efforts to understand the counterpart on a humanitarian basis. I have realized the third pillar of the leadership through the ordinary philosophy that The leader should take the initiative. When I applied for the position of salesperson in xxx Korea February 19xx, most of the personnel in the company including the president were casting doubts on my success as a salesperson. More than that, even my colleagues tried to leave me left out because I used to be a medical doctor, which didnt fit for the position. The principle that I chose during that time was Set a good example for others. Try my best twice as hard as other s do. Based on this principle, I firmly set my working hours from seven to nine on a daily basis. Accordingly, I kept my hands full for 14 hours a day for six months. In return, I achieved the 210% of accomplishment compared to the original objective and eventually received a promotion as a reward for my achievement. In this regard, I was able to realize the fact that I should work twice as much as others do in order to be a real leader. Unlike the supervisor checking in the office later than the subordinates or the leader just pushing their proteges to work hard, I believe that the virtue of the leader is to set a good example for the subordinates in order to obtain heart-felt trust from the proteges. 2. Recognizing that successful leaders are able to learn from failure, describe a situation in which you failed. (300 words) Respect what others did. This is the conclusion I made after I wrapped up one of the most regrettable strategic meetings that I had in my job career. One of the basic qualities of the leader is to respect the accomplishment of the precedent person and even the achievement of subordinates. I am confident that it will function as a solid basis for the career development of a skillful leader. September 10, 19xx. It was the day when I stepped in the office as a product manager in charge of the marketing of cozaar which was one of the most important products in xxx Korea, the current working place 7 months after I had joined the company. In the first strategic meeting after I became a product manager, I firstly made a comment starting We should modify the goal in the annual sales from 11 million dollars up to 17 million dollars in the future. After I made my short presentation, one of district managers suggested in jest saying, Why dont you accomplish 6 million dollar worth of return on s ale at the extra goal. Awkward laughter came out in the conference for a while. It was just a joke that he cynically implied a record-breaking sales achievement that I made for 6 months. Yet, it stroked my heart like a stab in my back. I might not get a full credit from the staff because of the makeshift remark without any consideration two months ago. Since then, I happened to learn three major lessons. First of all, I should not change or ignore the time-honored agreement based on the consultation of the members initiated by the precedent person. In case of modification of the previous plan, it is critically necessary to have a through market research and collection of the opinions of every team member in advance so that I could enhance the cooperation among team members. Secondly, it is essential for the leader to obtain the credibility from the subordinates in order for the project to make it. If I had been an employee, I could not have been able to trust the leader who modified the previous plan without any sufficient data. Finally, every single word that the leader spit out should be more prudent. My remark during that time was not necessarily the effect that we should increase the sales as much as I added up to. My instant remark that we should increase the sales compared to the previous year eventually put me in line becaus e most of employees took it very seriously. Since then, I was more than careful about the official remark and drew a clear line between the joke and serious comment. 3. Describe a situation when your value and belief were challenged. What did you do, and why? (300 words) In May 15 19xx, I couldnt leave the harbor of this deserted island, xxx, populated xxxx people and located at the tip of the Korean peninsula. More than anything else, waiving hands and tears of almost one hundred local people were the source of dragging my feet. I could have been the last time I saw them in person. When I was given a humble certificate of achievement in my hand made by pupils small hands in local primary school, I was able to realize the ontological value that I should cherish in my heart for the rest of my life. In addition, I could catch a glimpse of the way my life should pursue in the long term. This value and belief was totally different from the past life in which symbolized as the comfort and wealth. In this context, I am confident that the value and belief will serve as a great momentum for the rest of my life. The reason why I went to xxx in April 19xx is due to the Korean governments regulation, which led me to finish the military service as a doctor in un derdeveloped island. I arrived in this island accepting the backwater duty like other military doctors with open-minded. Yet, xxx was unbelievably an area equipped with no medical care in the perspective of those who were accustomed to the urban life. In small makeshift medical facility where I should offer medical service to local people with an assistant nurse, there was no surgical equipment anywhere in the hospital. All I got for the sick was aspirin and simple digestion pill. Local peoples concern for the medical treatment was close to the level of self-abandonment. For instance, when having stomachache, their best medical care alternative was to take a simple digestion pill or to lie on the floor without eating. On top of that, when the children had slight injury, they were asked to stop bleeding by applying pressure on the wounded part with a cloth. In most cases, most of senior citizens that had not received any preventive medical care at all were suffering from the symptoms such as degenerative arthritis, repetitive gastritis, and hypertension. Nevertheless, they had no choice but to accept the reality like their fate without any doubt. What they needed during that time was not a grand operation of modern hospital and even expensive medicine but the medicines such as anti-hypertensive drugs, anti-inflammatory drugs, and insulin that could be easily bought in the urban area. They could easily relieve the pain with simple medication. As a matter of fact , they could not afford to cover the medical cost due to low income. Inevitably, they tend to accept the diseases as their fate. It serves as a big burden for them to purchase the drug on their own other than the basic medicine such as aspirin provided by the government free of charge. Furthermore, it was a bigger burden for the aged without any income to buy the medicines in case of the diabetes or dislocation of joint. In two months in the island, the first effort I made was to persuade the pharmaceutical companies and charity organizations to provide medical equipment and medicines necessary for the people in the island on a complementary basis by sending letters. Therefore, I was able to accumulate the available drugs provided without any cost. For example, I received the anti-hypertensive drug from xxx pharmaceutical company as much amount as the people in the island could utilize for about a year. This kind of efforts that I initiated might relieve the pain of disease to some degree. All the same, it was not enough to liberate them from the disease in an ultimate sense. As a result, I realized that we should develop the medicine to terminate the disease and produce effective drugs substantially in order for everyone to get benefits in terms of medical care. Besides, I want to dedicate myself to the improvement on the public health system in order those who are financially inviable to get medical support whenever they want. This is one of my objectives that I would like to accomplish as long as I am involved in the pharmaceutical company. I still make dear the certificate of achievement made by pupils small hands in the local primary school in xxx. Although it is made of rugged wood, it reminds me of the best memory for one year and two months when I spent in the island. Sometimes, it makes me feel proud of myself in that I dedicated myself to the honorable service such as medical treatment and operation. I will never and ever forget the royal summon that I felt from the bottom of my heart when I arrive in the island after xx hours of sailing in the rough sea in order to make a surgery of the finger which cut in half. When I followed a little girl who called me for her mother who passed out at dawn in the nippy winter as cold as 10 degree centigrade below zero, I felt the same fate deep inside of my heart, as well. The experience in the island, xxx, serves as the momentum for my lifetime goal to contribute to the harmonious society as a doctor, researcher in medicine, and the leader of public health and pharmaceutical field in the long term. Now that I look upon the experience in xxx as the most valuable career in my whole lif e, I will keep addressing this experience to my next generation over and over again in the rest of my life. 4.Describe your three most substantial accomplishments and explain why you view them as such. (600 words) My first accomplishment was the establishment of 129 Emergency Calling System on a full scale when I worked for the xxx. At first, the emergency center had nothing but the name when I was transferred from xxx the late May 19xx. Most of citizens were not aware of the existence of the center. In addition, the rate of utilization was nothing but 10 cases a day. During two years since 19xx, I made several attempts-to publicize the center in the local newspaper, make advertisements to the public, publish brochures, and visit the nursing home-in order to establish the solid foundation for this center. As a result, the rate of utilization rose up to 200 cases a day including medical consultation in the late of 19xx. In return for my efforts, I was granted the certificate of achievement from xxx Headquarters in 19xx. The decision to make this center flourished was primarily derived from the assessment over the poor condition of local medical attention. As a matter of fact, there are few systems efficient for the emergency and relatively small scale of medical benefit in the local area. For example, I have been able to witness the lack of emergent treatment led to the aggravation of the disease or even to a death several times since I worked for the xxx. Among them, I cannot forget the case of a farmer who died of excessive bleeding due to late arrival of medical staff. As a matter of fact, the people around the farmer didnt know what to do when the emergency came up. The farmer could have survived if one of his acquaintances had known the number of 129 Emergency Calling System, that is to say, 129. Ever since, I realized from the bottom of my heart the need for the PR of 129 Emergency Calling System to the public on a large scale. My efforts to the PR and medical consultation worked so well that I could be welcomed and supported by the community. I believe that it is worthwhile to save peoples lives with the help of every single effort that I made. My second accomplishment is surely the Ph.D. dissertation approved in September 19xx. On top of that, I am supposed to obtain the Ph.D. degree in xxx in February 20xx. Although this Ph.D. degree is my personal accomplishment, it is closely related to my lifetime goal to contribute to the harmonious society as a doctor, researcher in medicine, and the leader of public health and pharmaceutical field in the long term. The reason for studying pharmacology for six years and obtaining a Ph.D. degree is to dedicate myself to the reform of Korean phamaceutical industry in order to contribute to the majority of the community. Based on the firm conviction that the studies on pharmacology is critically necessary to achieve my goal, I have so far kept on the studies along with the work leaving the award ceremony of Ph.D. degree behind. With this Ph.D. degree, I am now qualified for an expert in the pharmaceutical field. If I add up the advanced knowledge and skill on business management and the leadership that I will learn from Harvard Business School, it is certain that I will be able to become one of the greatest managers in the pharmaceutical field in Korea. More specifically, the Ph.D. degree will be a great asset in achieving my goal- to create the cure-all, make a mass-production of drugs with good quality, provide medical attention for the financially inviable, and improve the public health system. In this context, the Ph.D. degree is one of the most important accomplishments that I have made up to now. My third accomplishment lies in the sales achievement and various experiences for about six months. The experience enabled me to confirm the potential of being a capable manager in a pharmaceutical company in the future. In addition, I inspired the product team members of the company, addressingJust do it.in order to solidify their confidence. When the article covering my story was introduced in the title of xxx in xxx,19xx, most of my acquaintances including my relatives and friends of mine were casting doubts on my decision with cynical voices. They didnt seem to understand my decision to go for a salesperson instead of being a medical director of pharmaceutical company or a professor in medical school. As a matter of fact, I was able to understand their doubts and concerns because I myself was afraid of my adventure more than anyone else. I, however, accomplished the return on sales as much as 210% of sales objective only after I had been involved in sales with local hospitals for about six months. As a result, I was appointed as a product manager in cozaar, an anti-hypertensive drug which came as the most important product of xxx Korea. It was the time when I was confident that my challenge will be carried out in the future. This experience, I certify, was more valuable accomplishment than the admission to medical school in xxx and the license of medical doctor as well as the Ph.D degree that I will be conferred in February, 20xx. Thats because I confirmed the chance of success in terms of my career development in the challenge that I took loyal pains during my life. 5. What are your career aspirations and why? How will you get there? (300 words) Upon graduation from Medical School in 19xx, I have consistently served in the pharmaceutical industry for the past 10 years on a continual basis, 3 years of military service since 19xx as a doctoral officer excluded. As soon as I graduated from the Medical School, I entered the course of Clinical Pharmacology in the Department of Medicine in the graduate school. After that, I served in the military as an officer in order to complete the Masters degree and review medical practices. When I made it into the Ph.D. program, I was able to get a job in a pharmaceutical company. I started my first job career as the manager in the Clinical Research Team, xxx pharmaceutical Co. in Korea. In fact, I was disappointed with the obsolete management system of Korean pharmaceutical companies and the passive attitude toward the development of brand-new medicine. As a result, I decided to transfer myself to the local subsidiary of overseas pharmaceutical company called xxx Korea in November 1996. Ever since, I have worked as a medical director for the field of drug development for about 2 years. After that, I applied for the xxx Korea, the current work, and got a job as a sales representative in February 19xx. Only 6 months later, I was able to get promoted to a product manager in recognition of the outcome of sales. The primary reason why I chose the sales and marketing department in xxx Korea is based on the fact that I came to the conclusion that obsolete and dogmatic management of Korean pharmaceutical companies and hospitals would undermine the development of medical industry. As far as my personal experience goes, the owners of Korean pharmaceutical companies are by no means specialists in this field. On top of that, most of them didnt seem to have a rational and efficient management skill. In particular, the lack of clinical research and backwardness of marketing management skill is the main obstacles that Korean pharmaceutical companies should tackle in the long term. Secondly, I have so far recognized the limitation of drug development in domestic pharmaceutical companies as well as overseas pharmaceutical companies located in Korea. Third, I wanted to experience the essence of sales and marketing in person as a sales representative in xxx Korea in order to strengthen the basis for the business management. Fourth, I was deeply moved by the ethical sales practice of xxx Korea that had been recognized as one of the most prestigious companies. Finally, I wanted to acquire the custom-oriented mind like Customer is the basis for sales and marketing. As a matter of fact, xxx, the president of xxx Korea, was sort of skeptical about my career since I had been basically involved in the drug development for 3 years. None the less, I was able to become a product manager as a medical doctor for the first time in Korea by eliminating every single doubt. Personally, I believe the success in life lies in a series of ordeal from bottom to top. In other words, su ccess stems from the process from the salesperson to the C.E.O of the company. Even though I may learn the advanced management skill of pharmaceutical company through on the job training as product manager in xxx Korea, it is certain that I will be able to obtain the necessary capability of manager in pharmaceutical company through systematic approach and studies in the MBA program. Like Korean saying Even the finest building built on the sand is bound to collapse in no time, I believe the MBA program in the U.S.A will provide me with a solid basis to grow up as a business manager in the future. To the best of belief and knowledge, now is the best time for me to obtain MBA degree in the light of my life goal now that I have so far experienced the field of research as well as sales, not to mention my career. The knowledge of medicine, basic science, and drug development as well as the understanding of pharmaceutical industries will serve as great asset in completing the MBA program at HBS. I would like to devote myself to the reform of Korean pharmaceutical industry with the advanced knowledge and skill on business management and the leadership that I will learn from your business school. Research Papers on Harvard Business School Application for MBA Essay19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraBringing Democracy to AfricaCapital PunishmentInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andOpen Architechture a white paperWhere Wild and West MeetThe Project Managment Office SystemMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductStandardized Testing

In what sense does modernisation and post-modernity present a Essay

In what sense does modernisation and post-modernity present a challenge for identity and the self - Essay Example There is a great demarcation in identity constructs when comparing the post-modern era to the pre-modern era. The biggest difference is that the post-modern era has been marked with a great deal more impersonality then the pre-modern era. Whereas, in the pre-modern era, an individual could derive a sense of self and identity from their close connections – their neighbors, their churches, their family – in the post-modern era, this changed. Moreover, the role of the man has changed with the advent of the changes that have occurred in the post-modern era. Where he was the sole breadwinner in the pre-modern era, and this is where he derived his identity, in the post-modern era, the man has become less of a breadwinner and thus, according to some views, he became more of a consumer.Therefore, the male identity has changed substantially in this era. The following explains the broad nature of identity, then explains how individuals, in general, have been affected by the post- modern changes, then, finally, how men in particular have been affected by these changes. The nature of identity Identity is a dynamic social product, residing in psychological processes, which cannot be understood except in relation to its social context and historical perspective. (Breakwell, 1986, p. 9). It is a process that is developed over a person's entire life span.. Identity grows across time, but there is a nature of time that must be considered. Inner time is a duration, and is in tune with each person's cognitive rhythms. Martin (1987) references this time thusly - inner time is the realm of subjective consciousness of the individual. As we know from experience, the two may seem inconsistent, as when we talk of time flying or passing slowly. (Martin, 1987, p.199) This concept of time refers to our inner states. Intersubjective time is measured by face-to-face social interactions, by sharing experiences with others, thus moving through time conjointly. By sharing experien ces with others, the interactants come close to achieving a consensual appreciate of their conjoint movement through time. (Breakwell, 1986, p. 21). Biographical time refers to large chunks of time that are meaningful in one's life eras, such as adolescence, childhood, college years, married life, etc. There are also social and personal aspects to an identity. All humans have a division between self-identity and the performance of oneself that he puts out into the world, in specific social contexts (Giddens, 1991, p. 58). The personal identity, or real self, differs from one individual to another - some individuals' real self comes out when they act impulsively, other's real self is manifested when acting out social obligations. (Breakwell, 1986, p. 16). The real self may be looked at as being a person’s root core of who they are, and who they would be if there were not the influences of various social dynamics and constraints. (Tracy & Trethewey, 2005, p. 173). Another way o f looking at this concept is the private self, the self that known only to the individual, and the public self, the self that is known to others. These two aspects of identity both act in concert with one another and conflict with each other. Most individuals unconsciously deem one aspect more important than the other, and the favored aspect is the one that controls their behavior. (Brewer & Hewstone, 2004, p. 185). There is some theory that one's personal identity is only exposed when making moral decisions, as this exposes values, which are the cornerstone of presuppositions about the self. (Breakwell, 1986, p. 17). According to Anthony Giddens (1991), identity is a reflexive project. The premise of reflexive awareness is that an individual knows what they are doing, and why they are doing it. Humans monitor their circumstances, and are able to discursively explain why they are engaging in a certain behaviour. Discursive practices use reason or argument to explain something, as op posed to emotions and intuition. Practical consciousness is the

Investigate Challenges in the Classroom (3) Coursework

Investigate Challenges in the Classroom (3) - Coursework Example The problem of multilingual classes especially has risen in the last decade because of intensive emigrational rates. Thus kids whose home language is not English have started filling kindergarten classes. The very first question that has become actual is how to reform class curriculum and methodic of education in order to provide the ESL (English Second Language) students with the same social and academic level as English native speakers get. Although, elementary school teachers claim that before getting to academic English and more professional levels of education in multilingual classes they first face the problem of misunderstanding of regular English and disability of students to speak normally even basic everyday English (Spycher 2009). Thus the problem becomes even more complicated: how to translate and teach foreign ESL kids English language so that it would be possible to move on to more academic education? Also, studies on two Puerto Rican kindergarteners revealed that often the educational result that kids get at kindergarten gets erased when the kids get involved into their natural cultural environment at home (Volk 1997). Because it turns out that every day teachers should remind the kids what they have learned yesterday. The reason for this is that often parents either don’t want to maintain American education for some reasons or simply can’t help their children with learning, for instance, English language, because they are lack of knowledge. Moreover, there are situations when parents are against American education because they believe it ruins their kids’ national identity (Volk 1997 p.25). Some teachers from Bright Futures prekindergarten in rural Peoria County, Illinois found out that the problem of understanding English is secondary because the main thing in multicultural and multilingual classes is to teach children how to be loyal to different cultures,

Customer Relationship Management (CRM) in Tesco

Customer Relationship Management (CRM) in Tesco Customers have always been the main source of profit to a business. In order to retain and attract consumer, the company should practice on Customer Relationship Management  [1]  which is a strategy that have always been practicing by most of the businesses worldwide to gain a greater profit. Tesco which is one of the largest linked hypermarkets are also applying the similar strategy to gain more profit. Hereby a research is conducted on how customer relationship management strategies are used by Tesco as a tool to assist them in pursuing their sales growth. First approach towards CRM is by targeting the employee efficiency and consumer behavior. Employees of a company always reflect a companys image and the management of a company. In order to have a good image reflection of a company from consumers, employees should have a positive attitude towards consumers and practice to be efficient on treating consumers well. For instance, a consumer would like to acquire the location of a product from a Tesco employee and the Tesco employee politely assists them to the location they acquire. These positive attitude and efficiency on treating consumer will create a friendly environment to consumer whereby they will feel much comfort purchasing from Tesco. In order to create a friendly environment to consumers, Tesco will provide training to newly employed employees which are chosen after being filtered based on their behavioral test. By targeting the people surrounding the consumers, it will greatly decrease the chances whereby consumers will choo se to purchase similar product which could be purchased from Tesco from another grocer shop. Consumers behavior should be taken as a factor in order to retain and increase profit. Consumer will always want to try new things and this would be a great impact to the profit of Tesco. For instance, a new GAINT Hypermarket is build nearby Tesco. Consumers will start changing location to GAINT where it is newly build. This type of phenomena could not be changed because each consumer has a high curiosity in trying new things. To ensure that consumer will be loyal to Tesco, Tesco should create monthly event to attract consumers coming back to Tesco and provide consumers with new things since their curiosity are high. Secondly in approaching CRM is by targeting the product and promotion of a company. Tesco had been practicing Total Quality Management  [2]  to ensure that the products that they are selling to consumers are the best product that the consumer need. Other than that, Tesco also produces product of their own and selling the product which is similar to the other product at a lower retail price. These are other factors that will affect the profit of Tesco. In order to retain the current consumers in Tesco, Tesco products are being sold at the lowest retail price whereby the products created by Tesco will also undergo the same process of quality test before being sold at Tesco. This is to boost up the confidence in consumers so that they would not be practically having a thought that products created by Tesco are bad. Besides having their own product, the kitchen groceries at Tesco are always fresh. It is always fresh because the kitchen groceries are always freshly delivered to Tesco daily so that consumers can purchase fresh kitchen groceries as fresh as the one being sold at the market. In order to make sure that consumers are able to get fresh groceries, Tesco are always starting their business as early as 8 a.m. where no other grocer shops are open besides the market. Other than that, this will also create a great perception of Tesco and providing an idea of listing Tesco as their 1st priority grocer to purchase groceries. Besides that, the prices of the groceries sold at Tesco are the cheapest of among Tescos competitors such as GAINT, JUSCO and CAREFOUR. The price of grocer have been increasing day by day due to the drop in the world economy but this phenomena still does not affect the price of product at Tesco. These have been one of the greatest strength of Tesco and also one of the main attractions for consumers to go to Tesco. Other than that, the promotions made at Tesco are cheaper than its competitor because most of Tesco competitors are selling promotion product based on a concept of purchase with purchase  [3]  whereby the product consumer desire have to be purchase after purchasing other product at the retail shop. By not practicing the strategy of purchase with purchase, Tesco would be able to attract more consumers to purchase at Tesco. Besides that, the departmentalization of product which will create a discomfort to the Muslim consumer are well organized compared to other grocer sho p. At Tesco the Non-Halal  [4]  product are safely contained at a room created just for the Non-Halal product but at other grocer shops, non-halal product are place at a separate place from the foods but it is sometimes being mixed around by mischievous kids at the grocer and will create a discomfort to the Muslim consumer. Besides creating promotion, Tesco had always sponsored many events in the world. By creating an event, Tesco would not only be able to promote their name but also help to create a better social environment and awareness. Recently, Tesco have been participating in a event called Walk for School. It is use to raise fund to help 100 schools at Klang Valley because the facilities at the Klang Valleys schools have not being up to date which will slow down the learning process of the students there. The fund which was raised is to improve the infrastructure of the school, learning facilities and the library of each school to improve the learning conditions of the students. Lastly in approaching CRM is the technology of Tesco. Tesco online purchase and delivery have been started few years back. All products can be purchased online and delivery is provided for free to those who are Tesco Club member. This would be an advantage for those consumers who are working and those who could not spend time purchasing products directly from Tesco. Though the online system had been established for few years but not all consumers are aware of the system. Hereby a recommendation is made so that Tesco will be able to have a session to teach regular customer that this system had been created in order to let them know about the existence of this system. Besides providing online purchase and delivery facilities, Tesco practically use CRM system  [5]  in assisting them to provide the best services. By using CRM system, Tesco will be able to contact customer and ask for opinion from each of them. This method will provide the knowledge of customer understanding to help T esco to improve in order to provide the best customer service that will fulfill the need of each consumer. Other than that, Tesco will be able to check on the best selling products and hereby they would be able to increase the production of the product to attain all consumers need. For conclusion, by practicing CRM in Tesco it will assist a lot in increasing the rate of profit growth. The main steps in CRM are to target the people, process and the technology. In the 1st step which is people, Tesco have studied on employee, management, consumer behavior and the environment. For the 2nd step which is process, Tesco had make a few changes in the product, create club card, provide the best price, arrangement of products, operating hours and participating in awareness events in order to be sure that Tesco is known by all consumers. As for the last step which is the technology, Tesco has been focusing on improving their technology from time to time. All these steps are being practiced by all Tesco outlets in order to provide the best services and product to the consumers.

Social Marketing For Health Health And Social Care Essay

Fleshiness is common among grownups and kids and its prevalence is lifting twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours the hazard of fleshiness has increased twice since 1980 ( WHO, 2011 ) . Harmonizing to World Health Organisation, Obesity and overweight are the 5th chief cause for deceases globally. Harmonizing to a study one of the major causes of increased fleshiness in the kids is decreased physical activity, for illustration there is a alteration in the life manner of the kids every bit good as grownups due to increase in the ( John J Reilly, Ahmad R Dorosty ) . Fleshiness is considered as the most noticeable factor turn toing the length of service of the people all over the universe ( Stephen Holt ) . Harmonizing to the statics from NHS information Centre for wellness and societal attention ( 2011 ) about a one-fourth of grownups aged 16 or above were considered as corpulent in the twelvemonth 2009, that is 24 % of adult females and 22 % of work forces are classified as corpulent.What is fleshiness?European research workers classified fleshy as at or above 85th percentile and fleshiness every bit at or above 95th percentile of BMI ( Dehghan, Danesh and Merchant, 2005 ) ( paraphrasis ) Fleshiness is a status where the cholesterin bed accumulates in the organic structure and adipose tissue of the tegument to a point where it becomes a wellness hazard. The human organic structure can afford to roll up a small excess fat but when the fat accretion exceeds the minimal extent, it interferes with the general wellness issues and becomes a cause of great concern.How do I happen out whether I am corpulent?The easiest and most efficient manner to happen out if you are corpulent is to look into your organic structure mass index. The organic structure Mass Index ( BMI ) is calculated by spliting a individual ‘s organic structure weight by his/her tallness. The statistical benchmarks set by World Health Organization ( WHO ) define a BMI of 25 or more as ‘overweight ‘ 25, and a individual with a BMI of 30 or more is labeled as ‘obese ‘ . However it is observed that chronic wellness hazards increase from a BMI value of 21 onward.Badness of the job:In the United Kingdom, fleshiness in kids increased from 9.9 % in 1995 to 13.7 % in 2003.3 Childhood fleshiness is a world-wide issue, approximately 10 % of school age kids all over the universe are estimated to be corpulent or fleshy ( Janet James, 2007 ) .Factors doing the job:The present life manner is wholly filled with mental emphasis and people are busy with their modus operandi activities which is impacting the their life manner without holding clip to pass for healthy activities like some exercising and holding a healthy diet. These factors may take to fast nutrient civilization and sedentary life manner which is considered as one of the major factor in fleshiness. The accustomed activities like passing more clip in indoor games like picture games and watching the telecasting for drawn-out periods which affects the physical activity taking to a sedentary life manner may increase the opportunity of going corpulent ( Dehghan, Danesh and Merchant, 2005 ) . The instability between the Calories consumed and the sum of energy spent is an of import factor that causes the fat to roll up in the organic structure doing fleshiness ( WHO, 2011 ) . The nutrient behaviors are considered as another of import factor for fleshiness. Devouring the high fat content nutrient like fast nutrients and taking surplus of nutrient as a wont. The personal behaviors like extra consumption of intoxicant and smoke wonts are besides considered as the causes of fleshiness ( Evans et al, 2010 ) .What are the inauspicious effects associated with fleshiness:Fleshiness may do multiple jobs including physical, physiological and psychological jobs. In add-on to being a cause of physical hurt for the individual, fleshiness paves manner for assorted chronic diseases every bit good. The assorted medical jobs that can be initiated or aggravated by fleshiness include diabetes, malignant neoplastic disease, high blood force per unit area, unnatural blood fats, degenerative arthritis, sleep apnoea, fatty liver diseases, saddle sore vesica diseases, birthrate and gestation jobs, in add-on to the physical uncomfortableness and psychological emphasis ( WHO, 2011 ) . VanItallie,Peoples acquiring affected by the job: high hazard personsThe kids who do non take part more in out-of-door activities like playing out-of-door games and activities like cycling etc. The people with hapless economical position are besides affected more with fleshiness jobs and the illiterate people who have hapless consciousness on the healthy diet and healthy life styles.Why to concentrate on a peculiar groupThe England is the first in fleshiness in Europe. The adolescents are focused because adolescent age is considered as the cardinal age to larn and develop behaviors. So if healthy behaviors are initiated in the teens the fleshiness and the jobs associated with it might be controlled in the hereafter.How it can be achievedBy developing a community that is cognizant of the jobs that are associated with fleshiness and encouraging teens for more physical activity may acquire alteration in the behavior of immature people. Schools play a critical function in forestalling the childhood fleshiness. It might be helpful if schools develop some intercessions to promote healthy diet and physical activity. Making consciousness among all the household members might be more effectual because there is some grounds that parents with fleshiness job are more likely to hold corpulent kids due to nutrient behaviors, life style and some familial factors ( John J Reilly, 2005 ) . The parents are educated by explicating the hazard factors associated with the fleshiness and they are besides advised to promote the activities like outdoor games which include physical work ( Davis, 2007 ) . By reding and regular showing of their weight. Orr ( 1998 ) states that educating about the measures and thermal values of nutrient by the parents and making a user friendly environment which encourages the physical activity give the satisfactory alteration. Orr ( 1998 ) besides suggests that the eating houses and the local shops might besides take portion by supplying the selective low fat and rich alimentary diet.What is societal marketing write it‘the application of commercial selling engineerings to the analysis, planning, executing, and rating of plans designed to act upon the voluntary behavior of mark audiences in order to better their personal public assistance and that of society ‘ ( Andreasen, 1995 ) .Selling schemes forIn 2009, the figure of prescription points dispensed for the intervention of fleshiness was 1.45 million ; this is more than eleven times the figure in 1999 ( . The selling schemes should be developed in a insouciant manner that focuses on the normal state of affairss in the society. These intercessions should develop by sing the ego efficaciousness of the persons and considerable societal support is provided to them. Making proper consciousness, supplying with the proper cognition on the issue and making the environment that encourages the coveted behavioral alteration may give satisfactory results than concentrating on the peculiar or individual intercession. The selling intercessions are made harmonizing to the kids psychological science, for illustration if the kids are passing their maximal clip in forepart of the screen so promoting them to see the programmes that educate about wellness and programmes that create involvement in out-of-door games may demo a positive alteration.( Social selling scheme for battling fleshiness )The societal selling scheme against fleshiness follows the bench grade standards which includesWhat is the result expected:The voluntary behavioral alteration is the of import result expected from the societal selling. Behavioral alterations like increased physical activity, taking healthy diet like fruits and veggiesExpected behavioral alteration or aim:The behavioral alteration is expected from the mark group that is the kids,Cleavage of audience:Anderson, ( 2005 ) suggests that it about impossible to advert each and every person in the society because the every attack does non suit for all persons. Grier and Bry ant ( 2005 ) claims that the mark end is non suited for all because it depends on the assorted factors like, personal behavior and experiences, single attitudes and demographic variables like age and ethnicity besides show impact on the people. So sectioning the audience is really of import for an effectual societal selling, the cleavage will assist in making the mark group. Segmentation besides helps in concentrating the people with high hazard and to concentrate on the peculiar group to act upon behavioral alterations. The kids between the age of two and 15s are selected the choice include both the genders and the kids from the hapless economical background are more targeted because there is a relationship between economic position and fleshiness ( Youfa wang, 2001 ) .Target audience:The immature adolescent age people are more targeted to alter behaviors like avoiding fast nutrient civilization ; smoke, imbibing and they are encouraged to take part in games to increase physical activity. The fleshiness programme should besides be focused on the people with low literacy because the literacy is itself holding the direct impact on the healthy behavior.Target country:The focal point country will be the in the geographical countries with high incidence of the job and the countries with least wellness behaviors. The people from hapless socio economic background and with low wellness attention services are more concentrated.Wayss to understand consumer barriers:The best manner in turn toing the barriers of the local people is working with the local suppliers as spouses ( siegel and doner, 2004 ) . Taking some research through qualitative methods like questioning the people and their household members to cognize the jobs faced by the people from peculiar country and peculiar group may give an penetration of the behavior of the local people ( Henley and raffin, 2010 ) . Effective communicating is planned by nearing local leaders and the individuals who are most favorable for the mark group because communicating plays a cardinal function in wellness publicity research ( Hastings and Haywood, 1991 ) , for illustration female parent is the individual who can pass on efficaciously with the kids and the other household members besides help to hold a insight expression of the kid and they can actuate the kid to alter the behavior.Target behavioral ends:The set of behavioral ends are planned by utilizing SMART program which includes Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Relevant and Time-bound ends to acquire the best result ( The major end is diminishing the extra weight by altering the current behavior by a set of behavioral alterations. The behavioral alterations include increased physical activity by bring oning self involvement, supervising the Calories and nutrient wonts and showing of the organic structure mass index often. The ends should be planned in an easy come-at-able mode so that the kid can achieve self efficaciousness on the alteration ( Davis et al, 2007 ) . Davis et Al ( 2007 ) besides suggests that parents should develop a uninterrupted communicating on the expected behavioral alterations and a clip end is arranged for all the set of activities or ends.Aim:To better the physical activity of the kids by promoting out-of-door activities like games, cycling etc, through household members and assorted school intercessions. To better the dietetic wonts like eating more fruits and veggies by discontinuing the nutrients with hih fat content or calorific value like fast nutrients.Schemes to implement the ends:Hanley and Raffin ( 2010 ) suggests that the kids below the age of 10 should be planned in a playful manner so that the they show involvement on the activities and the ends for the adolescents should be in a competitory manner with the other kids. A multi degree programme is designed to acquire the policy support, cognition interlingual rendition and the support of local groups is critical to supervise the systems ( WHO, 2010 ) . Schools play an of import function to actuate the kids to alter their behaviors, the fleshiness intercessions used in the schools should concentrate more on achieving healthy weight but non to diminish the weight to obtain a peculiar weight ( Pyle, 2006 ) The authorities policy support is of import to implement the ends in to the populace. Ad through media Public services Promotion Signs and shows Events Strategic confederations Others schemesExecution of the kid fleshiness bar:How to take it to public andMarketing mix refer ( grier and Bryant, 2005 )Marketing mix includes four P ‘s they are, Product, Price, Place and publicity ( Rayner, 2007 ) . Merchandise: in the present societal selling program the merchandise is the services provided to alter the current behavior. The merchandise is accommodating patterns of healthy nutrition and physical activity degrees fatty nutrients avoid and promote fruits n veggies into diet Engagement in minimal degrees of physical activity in twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours life. Monetary value: The monetary value of the present mark audience includes the clip disbursement for the. Price is cost spent by client so clip, physical attempt and money for following diet Topographic point: community degree, kids so at schools, institutional degreesPromotion:publicizing media:Action program: or ( rating )whyWho: The kids between the age of two and fifteen How: BY the analysis of present behaviors and by implementing the desired Where whenStrengths:Failing: Henley and reffin ( 2010 ) suggests that the The jobs within the administration include the deficiency of clip, deficiency of resources, working staff and deficiency of support from the direction or wellness attention workers. In add-on the Heakth belief theoretical account ( for fleshiness ) Penetration: why they are accommodating these behaviors ( like eating debris etc from ads and from friends household, sorroundings ) Exchange: what the audience has to ive up to acquire the benefits. Evaluation: The precedence was the on-going medical intervention and there was small clip left to be after, present and get down a new intervention method. The working status was affected by employment jobs, such as portion clip employment, alterations in assignments, deficit of staff, staff turnover, working entirely, no co-worker to work with and excessively many referrals from the doctors. Such organisational jobs had been ongoing for a long clip. There was no coaction between the Centres, and in many instances, Centres merged or closed down. Often the precedence and clip focused on other on-going undertakings, such as group intervention for, i.e. diabetes and tobacco users. There seemed to be a deficiency of support from the direction, doctors and co-workers. Childs are frequently considered the precedence population for intercession schemes because, foremost, weight loss in maturity is hard and there are a greater figure of possible intercessions for kids than for grownups. Schools are a natural scene for act uponing the nutrient and physical activity environments of kids. Other scenes such as preschool establishments and after-school attention services will hold similar chances for action. Second, it is hard to cut down inordinate weight in grownups once it becomes established. Therefore it would be more reasonable to originate bar and intervention of fleshiness during childhood. Prevention may be achieved through a assortment of intercessions aiming built environment, physical activity and diet. For illustration a countrywide run in physical activromoting healthy nutrition and physical activity among kids is developed in.Try to include determiners of wellnessMethods of communicating The undermentioned communications methods are deserving sing: direct mail ; local media ( free documents and wireless ) ; postings ; telemarketing ; and communal Centres.

Analysis chinese banking industry systems, processes and products Essay

China’s rapidly developing economy is dependent on a banking industry which is controlled by the state. The four public banks of China and the People’s Bank of China have a strong hold over the country’s financial system. The advent of China in WTO in 2001 and globalization has led to a felt need for transformation in the Chinese economy to integrate it with the global economy. The financial sector will need to support this change. An assessment of the state of the Chinese banking industry at present and its future growth is therefore essential. Ideally this can be achieved by benchmarking a Chinese bank and a European Bank, for which purpose a case study of Bank of China and HSBC, London has been carried out. The aim of the research is therefore to undertake an analysis of the Chinese banking systems, processes and products through a case study of the above mentioned banks while the objectives of the research indicate assessment of the overall state of the Chinese banking industry, evaluate implementation of various processes and systems and highlight the areas for growth. A deductive – inductive approach with emphasis on case study has been adopted for the research. Apart from extensive secondary research through literature survey, a detailed questionnaire has been administered to 40 clients across a wide cross section of personal and corporate customers of Bank of China and HSBC, London which has formed the key primary resource for the research. A review of the research sources and questionnaires has revealed that Bank of China has been able to quickly adapt itself to the changing requirements of a globalised financial environment and is providing both personal as well as business banking services to meet its customer’s requirements. HSBC which considers itself as the World’s local bank is providing a complete package of services to the corporate as well as personal client and has been successful in implementing the same throughout the World. Its initial forays into China have also underlined the success story. The quality of service in both the banks was seen to be similar, however HSBC provided better follow up and also more services on the internet than Bank of China. The growth trajectory of both the banks indicates that, while HSBC is attempting to grow throughout the World; Bank of China is growing primarily within the Chinese banking system. There are a number of areas for improvement identified in the research which could well be undertaken by Bank of China to include greater efficiency and better customer service, improvement in technology and customer follow up and exploitation of niche areas such as credit cards. The entry of foreign banks will see greater competition in the Chinese banking sector. The need for Chinese banks to adopt global practices is also underlined and it is anticipated that the entry of more global banks as HSBC in China will provide the impetus to this growth. ANALYSIS CHINESE BANKING INDUSTRY SYSTEMS, PROCESSES AND PRODUCTS: A CASE STUDY BANK OF CHINA AND HSBC, LONDON Chapter 1 – Introduction China is a rapidly growing economy which is considered as a model for emerging countries all over the World. The dynamism of an economy lies in an efficient and effective financial system led by the banking sector. The impact of the banking sector on economic growth in China and its contribution to public life has been a matter of debate over the years. China has a banking system which is controlled by the State and thus has a very large influence on the economy. Exclusively controlled by the central government, the four state banks and People’s Bank of China have a very strong hold over the financial system both internally and externally. (China’s Economic System, 2004). However the rapid growth of China towards a socialist market economy has been affecting the banking sector in various ways and Chinese banks have undertaken measures to enhance their efficiency and contribute effectively to the economy. China’s entry into the WTO in 2001 has also necessitated adoption of liberalized norms in line with the global banking and financial industry. To what extent China has been able to adapt these new practices and how these are affecting or likely to affect the growth of the Chinese economy is an issue of great relevance. As China’s economy gets increasingly integrated with the global economy, its financial markets will have to support this union. It is therefore essential to assess the state of the Chinese banking industry at present and its trajectory of growth in the future. A case study approach to this issue is considered relevant for which Bank of China and HSBC, London are selected for review of the systems, processes and products to provide an insight of the financial needs and their fulfillment today and tomorrow. Bank of China is one of the principal banks in the country; it is one of the four banks which are owned by the State in China. (About Bank of China,. 2006). It has been a key central bank of China which has carried out international exchange as well as provided funds and been a point for foreign trade in the country over a period. It conducts a wide variety of services including commercial banking, insurance as well as investment banking. It is one of the largest banks in Asia and has been placed at the 18th position by the Banker Magazine in 2005. (About Bank of China,. 2006). It also has a large overseas presence in 27 countries. The systems, processes and practices followed by the Bank of China would be a good indicator of the state of the Chinese banking industry in both its internal and external dimensions. HSBC is an epitome of a modern bank. Based in London, the Bank had its origins in provision of finance for trading with China in the 19th Century. After China adopted a nationalist communist economy and banking system, HSBC’s presence in the country was limited. However the bank has now retuned with a vigor and strives to make inroads in the highly competitive financial sector where banks with a state monopoly are said to enjoy unprecedented advantage. The Bank is also taking benefit of its old legacy and is already earning profits to the tune of $ 161 million for the first half of 2005. (Schuman, 2006). HSBC in some ways can be seen to be a competitor to the Bank of China, though its reach within China is limited to only 20 branches. (Schuman, 2006). The investments made by HSBC in Chinese financial sector are reported to be $ 4 billion and include almost one fifth stake in China’s fifth largest bank, Bank of Communications and its second largest insurance company, Ping An Insurance with which the Bank of China too has many contracts. A comparative analysis of BOC and HSBC would thus provide us an effective understanding of the state of the banking industry in China in all its operational facets. The dynamic nature of the research will entail application of a deductive-inductive approach which in practice is adopted by a number of similar research projects keeping in view the importance of both qualitative and quantitative findings.